Foundation Day in San Marino – September 3, 2025
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Loading... - Alice Patterson
- 15 Apr 2025
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Foundation Day in San Marino is celebrated annually on September 3, marking the establishment of the Republic of San Marino. This national holiday commemorates the day in 301 A.D. when Saint Marinus, a Christian stonemason from the island of Rab (now part of Croatia), fled persecution under Emperor Diocletian. He gathered a group of followers on Monte Titano, laying the groundwork for what would become the world’s oldest surviving sovereign state.
San Marino, a small republic nestled in the Apennine Mountains of Italy, has a rich history of resilience against more powerful neighbors, including the Roman Empire, France, and the Papal States. Foundation Day serves not only as a celebration of the republic's origins but also as a reminder of its enduring independence and unique identity.
Celebrations and Traditions
The celebrations on Foundation Day typically include several ceremonial events:
- Flag-Raising Ceremony: The day begins with a formal flag-raising ceremony, symbolizing national pride and unity.
- Solemn Oath: Officials and citizens participate in a solemn oath to uphold the values and traditions of the republic.
- Military Parade: A military parade showcases the armed forces of San Marino, highlighting the country’s commitment to its sovereignty and security.
These events foster a sense of community and national pride among the approximately 32,000 residents of San Marino.
The history of San Marino is deeply intertwined with its founding. In 301 A.D., Saint Marinus established a Christian refuge on Mount Titano, which became a sanctuary for those fleeing persecution. Over the centuries, San Marino has maintained its independence, even during challenging times.
- Restoration of Independence: On October 17, 1739, Cardinal Giulio Alberoni occupied San Marino, but independence was restored by Pope Clement XII on February 5, 1740, which is now celebrated as the feast day of Saint Agatha, the patron saint of the republic.
- World War I Neutrality: In 1915, San Marino declared neutrality during World War I, which led to tensions with Italy. Despite this, the republic contributed to the war effort by sending volunteers and operating a Red Cross field hospital.
- World War II Misunderstandings: Although San Marino did not formally enter World War II, it was mistakenly reported in the "New York Times" that the republic had declared war on the United Kingdom in 1940. The Sammarinese government later clarified that no such declaration had been made.
Foundation Day is a significant occasion for the people of San Marino, celebrating their rich history, cultural heritage, and enduring spirit of independence. As the republic prepares to commemorate this important day on September 3, 2025, it serves as a reminder of the values that have shaped San Marino into the unique nation it is today. The celebrations not only honor the past but also inspire future generations to cherish and uphold the legacy of their ancestors.
