Key Symptoms of Hidden Coeliac Disease
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Loading... - Daan Dekker
- 10 Feb 2025
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Coeliac disease, an autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine, remains largely undiagnosed in Finland. Many individuals suffer from this condition without realizing it, according to Petri Mäkelä, an internal medicine and gastroenterology specialist at Pihlajalinna. He explains the challenges in identifying coeliac disease and outlines key symptoms that should prompt medical attention.
In individuals with coeliac disease, the consumption of gluten—a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye—triggers an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine. The Coeliac Society of Finland estimates that around 2% of the population has coeliac disease, yet many remain undiagnosed. One reason for this is the subtle nature of the symptoms.
“Symptoms of coeliac disease can be very mild. The disease can cause issues for several years before a person seeks medical help,” says Mäkelä.
Common Symptoms
Typical symptoms of coeliac disease include persistent gastrointestinal issues such as:
i. Diarrhoea
ii. Constipation
iii. Bloating
However, diagnosing coeliac disease can be challenging because these symptoms often overlap with other conditions. Mäkelä notes, “Gastrointestinal problems are very common nowadays. Coeliac disease symptoms can easily be mistaken for irritable bowel syndrome or lactose intolerance. Stress and mental strain can also cause similar digestive issues.”
Extraintestinal Manifestations
Beyond gastrointestinal symptoms, coeliac disease can manifest in various ways throughout the body, including:
i. Oral Health Issues: Damage to dental enamel.
ii. Skin Rashes: Dermatitis herpetiformis, a specific skin condition associated with coeliac disease.
iii. Neurological Symptoms: Difficulty with movement or coordination.
If left untreated, coeliac disease can lead to nutrient deficiencies, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue from iron-deficiency anemia or other vitamin deficiencies. In women, untreated coeliac disease can also lead to infertility.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Mäkelä advises seeking medical attention if gastrointestinal symptoms lead to noticeable or long-term changes in bowel function. Key warning signs include:
i. Bleeding: Always a reason to see a doctor.
ii. Prolonged Constipation: Any clear change in bowel habits lasting several weeks.
iii. Unexplained Weight Loss: Should also be investigated.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The diagnosis of coeliac disease is typically made through blood tests, and if necessary, a biopsy may be performed during an endoscopy. The primary treatment for coeliac disease is a strict gluten-free diet. However, Mäkelä cautions against starting a gluten-free diet before obtaining a proper diagnosis.
“A gluten-free diet can alleviate various gastrointestinal symptoms, making it harder to identify the underlying cause. To rule out coeliac disease, patients should maintain a normal diet for at least three months before testing,” he explains.
Coeliac disease is often hidden due to its subtle symptoms and overlap with other gastrointestinal conditions. Awareness of the key symptoms and when to seek medical attention is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management. If you suspect you may have coeliac disease, consult a healthcare professional for appropriate testing and guidance.
