Molecular Characterization of Coxiella burnetii Dairy Cattle Strains in Estonia
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Loading... - Albert Claasen
- 14 Apr 2025
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Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is an obligate intracellular zoonotic bacterium responsible for causing significant reproductive issues in animals, including abortions, stillbirths, and the birth of premature or weak offspring. While sheep and goats are recognized as primary reservoirs for human infection, recent studies in Estonia have highlighted a concerning prevalence of C. burnetii in domestic ruminants, particularly in dairy cattle herds compared to beef cattle and sheep flocks.
In Estonia, serological surveys have confirmed the presence of C. burnetii, with dairy cattle herds exhibiting a significantly higher prevalence of infection. Previous research has also identified C. burnetii DNA in dairy cattle, prompting further investigation into the genetic characteristics of the strains present in these herds. Understanding the molecular profile of C. burnetii strains is crucial for identifying potential sources of infection and managing the associated reproductive disorders.
This study aimed to explore the genetic characteristics of C. burnetii strains isolated from Estonian dairy cattle using 15-locus multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). The analysis was conducted across two dairy herds, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the genetic diversity and relationships among the strains.
Findings
Genetic Profiles: The study identified one complete and two partial MLVA profiles, each exhibiting different numbers of repeats at the studied loci. This variation indicates a level of genetic diversity among the C. burnetii strains present in the Estonian dairy herds.
Phylogenetic Analysis: A comparative analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) revealed two distinct phylogenetic clusters. One cluster was associated with cattle, while the other was linked to small ruminant species. This clustering suggests potential host-specific adaptations or transmission pathways.
Relationship to European Strains: Notably, the Estonian C. burnetii profiles showed a genetic relationship to profiles detected in abortion material and milk from Belgian cattle. This finding raises questions about the potential for cross-border transmission and highlights the importance of monitoring C. burnetii in dairy cattle across Europe.
The results of this study provide valuable genetic information regarding the C. burnetii strains circulating in Estonian dairy cattle herds. The identification of distinct genetic profiles and their relationship to strains found in other European countries underscores the need for continued surveillance and research into C. burnetii in livestock. Understanding the genetic diversity of these strains is essential for developing effective control measures to mitigate the impact of C. burnetii-induced reproductive disorders in dairy cattle and to protect public health.
