Scurvy on the Rise in the United States: Pediatric Cases Triple in Five Years
Scurvy, a disease historically associated with seafaring voyages and malnutrition, is making a concerning resurgence in the United States. Recent data reveals that pediatric cases of scurvy have tripled over the past five years, highlighting a growing public health issue.
In a recent review published in the journal JAAOS: Global Research and Reviews, researchers summarize available information on the symptoms, diagnosis, radiological evidence, and treatment of scurvy, a disease caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Additionally, they conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients from the United States (US) Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database (n = 19,413,465) from 2016 to 2020. Their findings highlight an alarming trend: in just 5 years, the incidence of scurvy in children has more than tripled, from 8.2 to 26.7 per 100,000.
More than half (64.2%) of scurvy patients are diagnosed with a co-occurring autism spectrum disorder, with obese men from the lowest income quartile being the highest-risk population. This study highlights the need for paediatricians and medical staff to be aware of the possibility of diagnosing scurvy, especially in patients with unclear risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms.
What is Scurvy?
Scurvy is caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), an essential nutrient found in fruits and vegetables. The human body cannot synthesize vitamin C, so it must be obtained through diet. The symptoms of scurvy include:
i. Fatigue and weakness
ii. Swollen, bleeding gums
iii. Joint and muscle pain
Anemia
Skin issues such as bruising and slow wound healing
In severe cases, scurvy can lead to serious complications, including heart problems and death.
Rising Cases in Pediatrics
According to recent studies and health reports, the incidence of scurvy among children in the United States has significantly increased. Over the past five years, pediatric cases have tripled, raising alarm among healthcare providers and public health officials.
Contributing Factors
Several factors contribute to this rise:
1. Poor Dietary Choices: An increasing number of children are consuming diets high in processed foods and low in fresh fruits and vegetables. Fast food, sugary snacks, and sodas often replace nutrient-dense options, leading to deficiencies.
2. Economic and Social Challenges: Families facing economic hardship may struggle to afford fresh produce. Food deserts, areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, exacerbate this issue.
3. Lack of Nutritional Education: There is a general lack of awareness about the importance of vitamin C and a balanced diet. Parents and caregivers may not be fully informed about the nutritional needs of their children.
Case Studies
Pediatricians have reported seeing more cases of scurvy in children presenting with unusual symptoms such as unexplained bruising and persistent fatigue. In some instances, these cases were initially misdiagnosed, as scurvy is often not considered a possibility in modern-day America.
Addressing the Issue
Healthcare Interventions
Healthcare providers are encouraged to consider nutritional deficiencies when diagnosing patients with unexplained symptoms. Blood tests can confirm vitamin C levels, allowing for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Public Health Initiatives
Public health campaigns focused on nutritional education and the promotion of healthy eating habits are essential. These initiatives should target both parents and children, emphasizing the importance of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
Access to Healthy Foods
Efforts to increase access to fresh produce in underserved areas are crucial. This can include support for local farmers' markets, community gardens, and programs that subsidize the cost of fruits and vegetables for low-income families.
The resurgence of scurvy in the United States, particularly among children, underscores the importance of nutritional awareness and access to healthy foods. By addressing the root causes and promoting better dietary habits, we can work to reverse this troubling trend and ensure that children receive the essential nutrients they need for healthy growth and development.
